Before operation, metal products must receive a certificate of compliance with GOST, indicating the absence of internal defects. And if external damage can be detected by visual analysis, then various methods are used for hidden ones, including X-rays. However, the most common diagnosis is ultrasonic flaw detection due to its accuracy, speed and safety. Using devices that emit ultrasonic waves, the specialist receives a flaw diagram of the condition of the pipe or weld. This allows you to select a marriage at the verification stage or to identify premature wear before catastrophic breakdowns or accidents. Therefore, narrow is a necessary part of regular technical inspection in various industries.
Advantages of narrow
The principle of operation of ultrasonic testing is based on the radiation of waves passing through the thickness of the product. When faced with foreign inclusions, cracks, delaminations or foci of corrosion, they are reflected and change their indicators. The sensor picks them up at the output, interprets them with the help of a converter into a flaw diagram showing the coordinates. As a result, the specialist receives the exact localization and extent of the spread of the internal defect.
Among the advantages of ultrasound control , we highlight:
Ultrasonic flaw detection has certain limitations. Difficulties arise when diagnosing objects of complex geometric shape or heterogeneous materials - in these cases, a special setting or model of the flaw detector is required. The experience of a specialist will help compensate for the shortcomings.
Types of ultrasonic non-destructive testing
There are several methods of narrowing for various purposes:
Depending on the type of inspection, environmental features, GOST standards, one of the listed methods is used.
UZK is quite versatile - it is used in many industries. In transport and mechanical engineering, it helps to find defects in railway tracks, engines and components, in energy, flaw detectors monitor the condition of pipes, during construction they check the reliability of reinforced concrete structures. Despite its primary purpose of quality control of welds, today the ultrasonic testing system is used everywhere, and especially at high-risk facilities, such as nuclear or chemical reactors.
How is it conducted
The scheme of operation depends on the type of product and the method of ultrasound analysis. Most often, the object is divided into zones that are sequentially scanned with a flaw detector. To do this, the metal surface or seam is cleaned of grease and dirt, coated with technical oil and an emitter is installed. It sends ultrasonic waves to the receiver, then the device translates into electrical signals and creates a flaw pattern.